Organizational efforts when seen positively by employees as means of valuing them together with their contribution to the organization, create positive feelings and commitment on the part of the employees. Perceived organizational support would eventually shape employee attitude in organizations according to Rhoades et al. If employees perceive an organizational supportive attitude, they will have enhanced positive feelings and behavior towards the organization. Perceived organizational support has been found to predict turnover intention in the study of Dawley, Houghton & Bucklew (2010). The study was designed to find out elements of work experience that distinctively define attracting, retaining and engaging people in diverse cultures. It focused on a broad set of workplace practices that influenced employee motivation, commitment, willingness and desire to achieve at work. The model was generated from a cross culturally extensive sample that covered participants from the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil, eight European countries (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Ireland) and four Asian countries (China, Korea, Japan and India). In the said study, factors that were found to attract individuals to the organization included competitive base pay, structures that allow work-life balance, challenging job, career opportunities, and the desire to clearly see distinction in pay relative to performance and contribution to the organization. Learning and development opportunities were also part of these so-called drivers of attracting talents. When individuals are attracted to these talent management practices, individuals are likely to join the organization offering these attractive packages and, therefore, could be linked to turnover intentions. McKinsey & Company (2006) also says that retaining present workforce depends largely on four key drivers of job satisfaction: compensation and benefits, work environment, career development and advancement, and work/ life balance. Among the identified talent management engaging drivers are input into decision-making in the department, improving skills and capabilities, focusing on customer satisfaction, senior management interest in employee well-being, and autonomy to do the job well. This study, however, used more specific in the context of teaching environment such as student- focused item loadings, opportunities to participate in establishing instructional policies, and autonomy in planning instructional activities. Employee engagement increases employee retention and decreases turnover intentions (Collings & Mellahi, 2009; Macey & Schneider 2008; Bhatnagar, 2007). On the whole, talent management gears toward strengthening the capability to hold employees for a meaningful career in the organization. Kontoghiorghes & Frangou (2009) argued that retention is an expected outcome of mutual satisfaction between the employee and the employer. Many studies see the need to string together meaningful organizational practices to build character and skill and retain talent (Blass & April, 2008; Ready, Hill & Conger, 2008). The concept of talent management is seen in a conscious, deliberate approach undertaken to attract, develop and retain people with the aptitude and abilities to meet current and future organization needs (Lewis & Heckman, 2009). Hypothesis 1: Turnover intention is negatively related to all the independent variables such as affective commitment, perceived organizational support, organizational rewards, talent management attracting, talent management retaining, and talent management engaging. Hypothesis 2: Affective commitment, talent management retaining, and talent management attracting mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support, organizational rewards, talent management engaging and turnover intention. Hypothesis 3: Affective commitment and talent management attracting influences talent management retaining while mediating the relationship between perceived organizational support, organizational rewards, talent management engaging and turnover intention. Hypothesis 4: Affective commitment, talent management retaining and talent management attracting cause turnover intention. The scale for perceived organizational support was taken from the short form of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al. Fifty college faculties were requested to rank the items from a checklist to determine their priorities on what attracts them to and make them stay in a university. From this content validation process, a scaled instrument was prepared based on the top five answers from the checklist. The study employed a causal-comparative analysis utilizing Path Analysis to confirm hypothesized models. Research results presentation was guided by literature on how causal path analyses are reported (Boomsma, 2000; Suhr, 2000; Kenny 2012). In the estimation procedure, the presentation revolved around "model fit", strength of the postulated relations between variables of interest", and "reliability of the parameter estimates. However it also recognizes that chi square test offers only beginning decision strategy implied by a statistical decision rule to ensure that the hypothesized model is not rejected. Hooper, Coughlan & Mullen, (2008) cited McDonald & Ho (2002) suggest on the use of absolute fit indices. These measures provide the most fundamental indication of how well the proposed theory fits the data.
Syndromes
One may be alarmed to fnd that she drinks much more in a given week than comparable peers but be unconcerned about potential health risks of drinking. Another may be concerned about his potential health risks at this level of drinking. A motivational approach to offering advice may be either directive (making a suggestion) or educational (providing information). In some cultures, a directive approach is required to convey the importance of advice or situations; in others, a directive style is considered rude and intrusive. The timing of any advice is important, relying on your ability to hear what clients are requesting and willing to receive. In the context of World War I, evacuation to higher levels of care was reserved for the low percentage of individuals who did not respond to this straightforward approach. Ask for clarifcation if the client makes a specifc request, rather than give advice immediately. These choices have been shown to enhance the therapeutic alliance, decrease dropout rates, and improve outcomes (Van Horn et al. Clients are more likely to adhere to a specifc change strategy if they can choose from a menu of options. Giving clients choices for treatment goals and types of available service increases their motivation to participate in treatment. Strategies for offering a menu of options include the following: safe environment that encourages a free fow of communication with the client. An empathic style appears easy to adopt, but it requires training and signifcant effort on your part. This counseling style can be particularly effective with clients in the Precontemplation stage. Self-efcacy Help clients build self-effcacy by being supportive, identifying their strengths, reviewing past successes, and expressing optimism and confdence in their ability to change (Kaden & Litt, 2011). To succeed in changing, clients must believe they can undertake specifc tasks in a specifc situation (Bandura, 1977). Considerable evidence points to self-effcacy as an important factor in addiction treatment outcomes (Kadden & Litt, 2011; Kuerbis, Armeli, Muench, & Morgenstern, 2013; Litt & Kadden, 2015; Morgenstern et al. Ask clients to identify how they have successfully coped with problems in the past: "How did you get from where you were to where you are now? Elicit from clients which options they think would work or what has worked for them in the past. Providing a menu of options is consistent with the motivational principle of supporting client autonomy and responsibility. When clients make independent decisions, they are likely to be more committed to them. Counselor empathy is a moderately strong predictor of client treatment outcomes (Elliot, Bohart, Watson, & Murphy, 2018). It is your responsibility to create a Decisional Balancing Explore with the client the benefts and drawbacks of change (Janis & Mann, 1977). Individuals naturally explore the pros and cons of any major life choice, such as changing jobs or getting married. You assist this process by asking the client to articulate the positive and negative aspects of using substances. This process is usually called decisional balancing and is further described in Chapter 5. Exploring the pros and cons of substance use behaviors can tip the scales toward a decision for positive change. For example, a 20-yearold who smokes cigarettes may put less weight on getting lung cancer than an older adult, but he may be very concerned that his diminished lung capacity interferes with playing basketball. Maintaining Contact With Clients Employ simple activities to enhance continuity of contact between you and the client. Such activities may include personal handwritten letters, telephone calls, texts, or emails. Use these simple motivation-enhancing interventions to encourage clients to return for another counseling session, return to treatment following a missed appointment, and stay involved in treatment. Activities that foster consistent, ongoing contact with clients strengthen the therapeutic alliance. The treatment alliance is widely recognized as a signifcant factor in treatment outcomes in most treatment methods including addiction counseling (Brorson, Arnevik, Rand-Hendriksen, & Duckert, 2013).
If the state is not unitary, coordinated, and hierarchically organized in an ultimately rational way-if, as Michel Foucault suggests, ``the state is only a Downloaded from read. A contradiction is something that does not make sense, a position that is logically inconsistent. To begin by letting go of the assumption that there is any ``there there,' any whatness, to (legal) sex apart from what an agency says it is, the contradiction evaporates. The official sex designation-or, more precisely, the M or the F-stamped on documents or coded in records becomes the starting point. Then an analysis can focus not on what sex is, or what it should be, but on what it does, what it accomplishes, what it produces. Indeed, if the only thing we know for sure about sex is what any of these many state actors say it is in any particular instance, sex will turn out to be as messy and diffuse a concept as the state. Entering into the analysis without a firm sense of what sex is or what the state is-as a priori facts, as edifices-makes the processes through which they come into being more visible. It might be better to defer attempts to resolve -theoretically or politically -the messiness in order to understand what a particular system of sex designation does for a particular state project such as recognition or redistribution (Currah, forthcoming). Of course, states should not only or always be imagined as messy, scattered nodes of local and arbitrary power arrangements. For this purpose, the most apt definition of the state begins with the simple description from Max Weber: ``A human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate physical violence within a particular given territory' (1991: 78). Still, much of what states do-regulating the health, safety, and public welfare through myriad regulations, rules, decisions, practices - does not reach the threshold of juridical violence, even if those actions are ultimately undergirded by its threat. While it is crucial to theorize the singular finality of state violence, neglecting to examine the messiness of actually existing and potentially incommensurate policies, practices, rules, and norms risks substituting the conceptual for the concrete and gets in the way of understanding what might actually be going on (Latour 1995: 48). His recent publications include ``Homonationalism, State Rationalities, and Sex Contradictions' (Theory and Event, 2013) and ``Securitizing Gender: Identity, Biometrics, and Gender Non-conforming Bodies at the Airport,' coauthored with Tara Mulqueen (Social Research, summer 2011). Gramsci used the term to designate proletarian and peasant classes denied access to political representation or voice within government by the fascist Italian state. More broadly, Gramsci (1971) used the term to designate classes excluded from political hegemony by ruling elites. Postcolonial critic Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak reframed the term to foreground gendered, caste, class, and colonial constitutive elements barring the Downloaded from read. Troubling what might be seen, in the work of the Subaltern Studies Group, as the essentializing of the subaltern as a specific population, Spivak located the subaltern at the interstices of competing or conflicting discursive formations striated by class differentiation (1987). She argued that between the competing discursive claims of an imperial Western feminism and an anticolonial and sexist Hindu nationalism, the subjective and speaking position of a resistant Hindu woman was barred (1988). She reiterated that the subaltern may be silenced by ``her own more emancipated granddaughters: a new mainstream. There are several senses in which the term subaltern speaks to and within trans studies. These conventions required ``prospective transsexuals' to signify as highly gender normative within their sex of identification, as intensely body dysphoric, and as heterosexual. Meyerowitz (2002), Jay Prosser (1998), Henry Rubin (2003), and others have documented transsexual agency in forging diagnostic criteria as a way of securing access to transition-related healthcare, the erasures and coercive productivities of the diagnosis subalterned both transsexual and nontranssexual transgender subjects, subjecting both to institutional regulation and administrative violence. The meaning and political valences of such woodworking are, however, contested in queer, feminist, and trans studies. In Changing Sex, Bernice Hausman (1995) draws upon Michel Foucault to propose that transsexual subjects speak only through the demand for surgery and are duped into reproducing Downloaded from read. For Hausman, trans subjects are less excluded from meaningful speech than definitively constructed by hegemonic articulations. However, Prosser argues that Hausman obscures her own gendered embodiment and subjective investments to tacitly justify her nontranssexual authorial location as ``the authoritative site from which to speak' (Prosser 1998: 13233). Indeed, Viviane Namaste (2000, 2005), Prosser (1998), and Rubin (2003) all challenge queer feminist deployments of poststructuralism that mobilize transgender figures in the service of theoretical projects that paradoxically deny transsexual experience and speech. Demonstrating the exclusion of sex workers, prisoners, substance users, the poor, the racialized, and nonstatus people, Aizura (2011), Namaste (2000, 2005), Ross (2005), and Spade (2011) expose practices of erasure (of the excluded subaltern) in the contemporary production of the rights-bearing transgender subject. Subaltern trans positions also appear at the interstice of transnational sexualities and genders, modernization and globalization, and through the networks of global gay human rights discourse and Anglo-American transgender liberation. How these English language forms encounter, appropriate, or are translated by globally local ``trans' constituencies raises questions of the political economy of identity movements and discourses.
Based on In order to address the questions advanced in this study, document analysis was done. Document analysis is the systematic examination of instructional documents such as syllabi, assignments, lecture notes, and course evaluation results in order to identify instructional needs and challenges and describe an instructional activity. Experts show that the focus of the analysis should be a critical examination, rather than a mere description, of the documents. In this context, document analysis was done to gain insight and examine trends and patterns on the frequency of research outputs. Frequently, it is used to evaluate a course such as evaluating the pattern in the faculty involvement in internationalization through research engagement. While document analysis was done, the researchers reviewed the international research presentations and other related areas of accreditation. The constant comparative method is a process in which any newly collected data is compared with previous data that was collected in one or more earlier studies. This is a continuous ongoing procedure, because theories are formed, enhanced, confirmed, or even discounted as a result of any new data that emerges from the study. Through these organizations and agencies, many activities in research were drawn just to satisfy the level of accreditation and certification. Thus, ushered internationalization and forming strategic alliances not only in research but also in other functions of the maritime university in Asia. This study likewise shed light on how the university invested in the faculty by giving them support budget or funding in research pursuits and endeavors. This can be done through inhouse training and seminars, reviews, colloquia, research presentation in national and international conferences. Untapped resources: Internationalization of the curriculum and classroom experience. The Twenty-first Century University: Developing Faculty Engagement in Internationalization. First-order principles for college teachers: Ten basic ways to improve the teaching process. A handbook for advancing comprehensive internationalization: What institutions can do and what students should learn. Paper presented at an annual conference of the National Association of Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors. In search of the holy grail: Reflections on the internationalization of business education. Abstract this paper discusses the experiences of De La Salle UniversityDasmariсas with its various quality assurance undertakings and the status of its quality assurance initiatives so far. It also presents the perceptions of the university administrators on the reasons for undergoing quality assurance measures, the benefits obtained from such activities and the problems encountered due to accreditation/quality assurance measures. To determine perceptions of the administrator respondents, the researcher used a questionnaire which has been validated by five evaluators and later tested on sample respondents. Frequency count was done to determine the top five answers on reasons why the university subjects itself to accreditation, benefits of accreditation, and problems brought about by the quality assurance process. Focus group discussions were also conducted to substantiate data from the questionnaire. Results reveal that the main reason for undergoing quality assurance measures is to initiate a step towards quality improvement, the topmost benefit is improved quality and efficiency while the major problem encountered is the bulk of paperwork/documentation. Data hope to streamline ongoing and future quality assurance activities of the university. Keywords: quality measurement assurance, accreditation, quality the quality of higher education in the country is indeed a serious concern. In fact, this interest in quality assurance in the education sector specifically in the tertiary level is the core reason for the existence of accrediting agencies in the Philippines. At present, there are five agencies that evaluate colleges and universities in the Philippines. The other umbrella organization is the National Network of Quality Assurance Agencies, Inc. It is a private, voluntary, non-profit and non-stock corporation which was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines on November 5, 1957.
Operations are impeded if stowed items cannot be easily located or identified (figures 10-5 through 10-7). Risk of Reduced Safety and Efficiency Due to Inadequately Designed Vehicle, Environment, Tools, or Equipment 275 Chapter 10 Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions Figure 10-7. However, crew feedback has indicated that rotating the racks is not an effective way to access utilities and connectors in the microgravity environment on station. The clearance that is required for human accessibility has been repeatedly cited as an issue in rack rotation capability. The design of the panels and drawers with these racks has compromised crew accessibility because many of them "stick" on orbit because the design does not operate as intended in zero g, or too many items are placed in the stowage locations and are not organized to afford easy operation. Finally, overall topology of workspaces has negatively affected crew accessibility. The limitations that are associated with the ability to dispose of packing materials on station result in excessive amounts of space being used to stow waste. In some instances, the stowage violates the allowable limits requirements that were originally set for the habitable volume areas. The result of this is that when crew members are searching for items, they must move many other stowed items out of the way to gain access to the place in which a desired item is located. This increase in inventory contributes to crew safety risks, as ample stowage space is not available to accommodate placement of items outside of the habitable volume and translation paths. Computer-based Simulation Information Understanding human integration with systems and identifying risks that may be inherent in a concept or a design is often achieved via computer-based simulation. Computer-based simulation tools have multiple uses, including detection of potential risks to humans that are associated with reduced safety and efficiency due to inadequately designed space vehicles, environments, tools, or equipment. Computer-based simulation and virtual environments create a representation of the real world, and the user interacts with this representation with the aid of head-mounted displays, data gloves, and three-dimensional audio, haptic, or tactile feedback. Such environments can be used for training or, perhaps, interacting with prototypes that do not yet exist in the real world. It was thought that integrating automation technologies into the air traffic control system could optimize routing, sequencing, and scheduling in the terminal areas and, ultimately, improve efficiency while relaxing constraints during flight to accommodate user-preferred routing and schedules. Results of the study assisted Risk of Reduced Safety and Efficiency Due to Inadequately Designed Vehicle, Environment, Tools, or Equipment 277 Chapter 10 Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions designers in integrating automation technologies into the system to improve crew efficiency by optimizing routing, sequencing, and scheduling. Risk in Context of Exploration Mission Operational Scenarios Future Exploration mission durations will substantially lengthen. During this extended timeframe, crews will face the challenges of physical deconditioning, prolonged isolation and confinement, significant communication latencies, environmental stressors, and increased responsibility and autonomy. Effective human-centered design techniques for vehicles, habitats, and missions allow Exploration mission operational scenarios to be managed and controlled. Human-centered design must be implemented in all aspects of the design process to mitigate or prevent space human factors engineering risks from occurring and specifically to ensure the safety and efficiency of the crew. Lunar and martian environmental conditions air quality, dust, radiation exposure, and lighting must be addressed. Hardware commonality and standardization will support interchangeability and reduce the amount of time that is needed for training. Spacecraft designers need to ensure that appropriate spares and stowage volumes are available and can be accessed in a timely manner. A reduction in required maintenance and interface with complex systems should also be implemented. Conclusion the risk of reduced safety and efficiency due to inadequately designed vehicle, environment, tools, or equipment stems from a broader cause of human error the lack of human-centered design, which requires a focus on the user throughout the design process. Good human-centered design practices will result in improved efficiency of operation and safety of all system components, including the human, and should reduce the life-cycle cost of the project. The evidence that is discussed in this chapter identifies concerns that are associated with the risk. To alleviate these concerns, knowledge gaps, or "holes," and future research directions have been identified.
Calcium Phosphate Dibasic Anhydrous (Phosphate Salts). Extra Super Cialis.
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The entire team attends the first part of the meeting, which focuses on inpatients, and a subsection of the team continues the team meeting to discuss care planning for outpatients. Practice Example D1-F A non-profit community hospice develops a palliative care service that is well received in the community, but struggles to sustain the program financially. Hospice medical directors feel they are stretched too thin to oversee both palliative care and hospice teams. The hospice clinical leadership approaches the hospital-based palliative care practice regarding a possible collaboration to serve seriously ill patients. The teams organize a pilot of an advanced practice registered nurse based post-acute palliative care program for patients with advanced heart failure in an effort to improve coordination, reduce readmissions, and increase timely referral to palliative care. The pilot includes education from the cardiologists on the progression and treatment of advanced heart failure and communication skills practice for all heart failure and palliative care team members with specific attention to discussions on use of cardiac technology (eg, left ventricular assist device, automated implantable cardioverter defibrillators). The teams create procedures for identifying eligible patients, referrals, coverage and communication, and choice of quality metrics for regular review. Monthly team meetings focus on collaborative care planning and analysis of the metrics of the pilot, which demonstrate improvement in patient and family satisfaction, confidence in their care, time spent at home, and earlier hospice utilization for eligible patients. Hospitalizations, readmissions, and emergency department utilization decrease by over 50 percent. The hospital agrees to a contract with hospice to provide postacute care for heart-failure patients and initiates a separate pilot for pulmonary disease. Practice Example D1-G A free-standing hospice identifies a need to provide community-based palliative care services. An advanced practice registered nurse, registered nurse, social worker, and chaplain utilize the comprehensive assessment to develop a care plan, which guides patient and family care. The team utilizes evidence-based tools that promote patient and family self-report and self-management, including the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System - revised. The electronic health record includes documentation tools to support health care team communication, trending of clinical information, and data extraction for continuous quality improvement. Clinical, operational, financial, and patient and family experience of care metrics are reviewed on a monthly, quarterly, and annual basis and shared with the board members and other stakeholders to promote program integrity and sustainability. The assessment and care plan focus on relieving symptoms and improving or maintaining functional status and quality of life. The management of symptoms encompasses pharmacological, non-pharmacological, interventional, behavioral, and complementary treatments. The symptoms associated with serious illness and treatments are anticipated and prevented. Effective symptom management requires attention to the physical, emotional, spiritual, and cultural factors, as well as the social determinants of health that contribute to the total pain and suffering associated with serious illness. There is attention to symptom assessment in patients with communication challenges due to delirium, cognitive impairment, developmental capacity, or mechanical interference of voice due to intubation, tracheostomy, injury, or disease processes. When controlled substances are prescribed, the risk of diversion and substance use disorder are assessed. An essential component of palliative care is ongoing management of physical symptoms, anticipating changes in health status, and monitoring of potential risk factors associated with the disease and side effects due to treatment regimens. Patients and families are encouraged and given frequent opportunities to ask questions, seek support, and communicate changes in status including worsening symptoms and treatment-associated side effects. Treatment of distressing symptoms and side effects are evidence-based and include the spectrum of pharmacological, interventional, behavioral, and complementary therapies or interventions. The need for and effectiveness of a bowel regimen is regularly assessed whenever opioids are prescribed. Caregivers are assessed, trained, and supported to provide safe and appropriate care to the patient, including medication administration, safe transfers, and use of medical equipment. The plan of care incorporates community services and specialists based on the needs and preferences of the patient and family (eg, day care, home health, hospice, complementary therapies, and other services). When prescribing medications with significant side effects and/or risk of misuse or abuse, a risk assessment and management plan consistent with state and federal regulations are implemented. Patients, families, and all clinicians are instructed regarding the safe usage of these medications including safe storage, inventory, and appropriate medication disposal. Consideration is given as to whether patients and families can access and afford the medications, interventions, and services prescribed or recommended. Guideline 2 4 Ongoing Care the palliative care team provides written and verbal recommendations for monitoring and managing physical symptoms.
Furthermore, it would like to find out whether they are aware of their competencies and the qualities strongly associated with entrepreneurial success; and whether there is a significant relationship among the given statements that correspond to their level of agreements to their attitudes and intentions of pursuing a business someday. Demographic Profile of the Respondents Majority of the respondents were aged 19-20 which comprised 58. This implies that majority of the respondents who responded well in the study came from 2nd year-3rd year business students. In terms of gender, majority of the business students who participated in the study were female consisting of 71% with only 29% male. It means that majority of the De La Salle Lipa business students have the desire to start their own business someday and they will become future entrepreneurs (LaSallepreneurs). It shows a minimal gap between the two except for determination, perseverance and confidence, creativity and ability and willingness to take risks where the students assessed themselves as having a low rating compared with their perceived importance of those qualities. Being good with people and honesty are the qualities which have a very closed rating in terms of perceived importance (very important) and in terms of how students assessed themselves (very high). It should be noted that as early as now, business students of De La Salle Lipa are already aware of the benefits and values of being an entrepreneur more than earning money and being self centered as of being a boss and of being able to control other people. Perceived importance of select benefits and values Perceived benefits and implications of starting own business (Section 4) this part shows the perception of the respondents on the benefits and implications of starting their own business. The result shows that in starting a business, the students strongly agree that it involves taking risks, provides a career that can use abilities fully, able to put ideas into practice and means earning a living by doing something they enjoy. Perceived benefits and implications of starting own business Perceived prerequisites in starting a business (Section 5) the graph below shows that students strongly agree that prerequisites in starting a business are: having a need of management skills, proper knowledge about money and good communication skills as priority compared with the needs of having a lot of money and finishing a business degree course to start a business which they only agree that they are needed in doing so. It shows that they are reluctant to work long hours and to take risks when they start their own business. Extent to which prerequisites act as barriers Degree of influence of identified influencers (Section 7) Figure 7 shows that all the identified influencers given proved to be very influential to business students especially their parents having the highest mean of 2. Degree of influence of identified influencers the table below shows the correlation between each variable under Section 2 to Section 6 and intent. The same case with Sections 6 and 7, showing a no significant relationship with the intention of the students. It is noticeable that Section 3 which refers to perceived importance of select benefits and values has a significant relationship with behavioral intent. Relationships between each component with entrepreneurial intention or desire Components perceived importance of select benefits and values (Section 3) Perceived benefits and implications of starting own business (Section 4) perceived prerequisites in starting a business (Sec5) r-Value 0. Relationships between the profile of the respondents with their desire to put up their own business someday. Correlations between gender and components Components r-Value Interpretation p-Value Interpretation Not Significant perceived prerequisites in starting a business 0. It means that as young as they are, the students are aware of the barriers of starting their own business particularly the extent to which they would involved themselves in long hours of working as well as taking risks of starting their own business. Correlations between gender and components Components r-Value Interpretation p-Value Interpretation 0. It means that business students are aware of the extent to which prerequisites act as barriers. Majority of the business students who responded in the study were aged 19-20 which mostly came from 2nd to 3rd year level with female consisting of 71% and male consisting of only 29%; 72% of them would like to start a business in the future and thus, they will become part of the future entrepreneurs. There is a minimal gap between the expectations of the students and their self assessment on the specific qualities that are crititical to entrepreneurship success except for determination, persistence and confidence which students assessed themselves with low rating. Having a good attitude, the business students give a good impression that they will engage themselves in entrepreneurial activities someday. Though aware of the prerequisites of starting their own business, they are also aware of the barriers or doubts in terms of their ability in putting up their own business someday such as being reluctant to work long hours and taking risks when they start their own business. Acknowledgement the proponent acknowledges the following: Faculty of De La Salle Lipa College of Business, Economics, Accountancy and Management for their support in obtaining data from their respective business students; Dr. Determinants of Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Intentions among High School students in Iligan City, Southern Philippines Shapero, A. In the long run, as the number of labor force flooded the market, it will raise the rate of unemployment. To overcome this problem, people are encouraged to be more independent by not depending themselves to work as employees, but they can be selfemployed by opening their own businesses.
American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation 37:73-78. Evaluation of the stability of creatine in solution prepared from effervescent creatine formulations. In sickness and in health: the widespread application of creatine supplementation. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine 8:298-304. Neurotherapeutics: the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 10:307-319. The identification of a new heterocyclic amine mutagen from a heated mixture of creatine, glutamic acid and glucose. Formation of mutagens during the frying of Hawaiian fish: correlation with creatine and creatinine content. Study of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Growth Performance and Histopatholical Assessment in Rats and Chickens. Genetics in Medicine: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 17:689-701. A short review on creatine-creatine kinase system in relation to cancer and some experimental results on creatine as adjuvant in cancer therapy. Kinetics of creatine in blood and brain after intraperitoneal injection in the rat. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on random urine creatinine, pH, and specific gravity measurements. Creatine supplementation does not affect kidney function in an animal model with pre-existing renal failure. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association European Renal Association 18:258-264. Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders. Histological assessment of intermediateand long-term creatine monohydrate supplementation in mice and rats. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285:R762-769. Acute renal failure in a young weight lifter taking multiple food supplements, including creatine monohydrate. Journal of renal nutrition: the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation 16:341345. Hemorrhagic stroke in young healthy male following use of sports supplement Jack3d. In addition, none are a component of a drug product that has been withdrawn or removed from the market because the drug or components of the drug have been found to be unsafe or not effective. Is the ingredient an active ingredient that meets the definition of "bulk drug substance" in § 207. Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate Monohydrate Yes, Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate Monohydrate is an active ingredient as defined in 207. References for Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate Monohydrate pharmacological actions are provided Evans, M. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 22(8), 2165-74. Pyridoxal phosphate is better than pyridoxine for controlling idiopathic intractable epilepsy. The nominated substance was searched for in all three sections of the Orange Book located at. The nominated substance does not appear in any section searches of the Orange Book. What are the anticipated route(s) of administration of the Oral compounded drug product(s)? Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 22(8) 2165 74 doi:10 1093/ndt/gfm166 Capsules Has the bulk drug substance been used previously to compound drug product(s)? What is the proposed use for the drug product(s) to be Supplementation with bioactive form of pyridoxine in cases of deficiency compounded with the nominated substance?
Individuals of any age, race or gender may be affected by conjunctivitis, although certain pathogens or other causative factors may show a predilection toward a particular cohort. Associated symptoms may include variable discomfort in the form of itching, burning, scratchiness or other irritation. Pain is less common and tends to be more indicative of concurrent corneal involvement; this is more often the case in certain infectious disorders. Patients may also present due to excessive watering or mucus accumulation in the eyes, or even simply because of cosmetic concern. They may likewise affect the upper tarsus, which is why routine lid eversion is important in all cases of conjunctivitis. For example, if symblepharon develops and the conjunctival fornices become shortened, ocular surface sequelae, including dryness, discomfort and variable visual disturbances, will follow. Likewise, if a membrane or pseudomembrane disturbs the integrity of the cornea, mechanical ulceration may occur. Pseudomembranes, by definition, lack blood and lymphatic channels, and do not bind tightly with the underlying tissue; hence, upon physical removal there is little to no bleeding. True membranes, on the other hand, penetrate and adhere to the necrotic epithelium and the substantia propria of the affected tissue. This tight adherence causes greater difficulty with removal, and results in an increased likelihood and volume of bleeding upon their extraction. It has been proposed that the difference between accompany membranous conjunctivitis, pseudomembranes and true membranes immediate medical attention is warranted. Short, firm brushing and rolling motions help to loosen the pseudomembrane from the underlying conjunctiva, progressively gathering up fibrinous tissue as one proceeds from nasal to temporal, or vice-versa. It is recommended that the physician first dissect the edge of the membrane or pseudomembrane away from the underlying conjunctiva at either the nasal or temporal aspect of the lid. Then, after obtaining a firm grasp of the inflammatory tissue, it can be peeled away using steady and continuous force. Bleeding can be further addressed using sterile gauze applied firmly to the affected conjunctival surfaces until hemostasis is achieved. Nonetheless, intuitive therapeutic intervention often hastens recovery and dramatically improves symptoms. Topical corticosteroids may be added judiciously to this regimen as improvement in clinical signs is noted. Once membranous conjunctivitis has become manifest, inflammation typically leads to corneal epithelial breakdown; treatment is aimed at suppressing this process. In addition to mechanical removal of any membranes, most sources now recommend topical treatment with corticosteroids and cyclosporine A during the acute stages. This should be the first differential for the clinician encountering a membranous conjunctivitis. The etiology is believed to involve a loss of goblet cells, in addition to potential alteration of lidglobe apposition and ocular surface morphology due to scar formation. Unfortunately, such a product is not available commercially in the United States; it must be prepared from human plasma by a qualified compounding pharmacist. Systemic immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are most appropriately provided in such a setting. Cellular and tissue architecture of conjunctival membranes in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Ocular complications in a child with acute graft-versus-host disease following cord blood stem cell transplantation: therapeutic challenges. Diagnosis and treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with ocular complications. Pseudomembranous disease (ligneous inflammation) of the female genital tract, peritoneum, gingiva, and paranasal sinuses associated with plasminogen deficiency. Ligneous gingivitis associated with plasminogen deficiency: a challenge in diagnosis. Ligneous cervicitis in a woman with plasminogen deficiency associated with an atypical form of microglandular hyperplasia: a case report and review of literature.
Still, even in those cases, you must be careful not to assume that the experiences of a Native American negotiating these cultural differences are the same as the experiences of those in your own cultural community. American Indians and Alaska Natives have a unique history and face unique challenges in their interactions with mainstream culture and its institutions. You will want to keep in mind the diversity of American Indian and Alaska Native cultures and remember that acceptable practices in one culture may not be acceptable in another. One way to begin noticing cultural differences is becoming conscious of how your own culture shapes your beliefs, values, perceptions, and behavior. It is a delicate balance-being aware that culture plays a signifcant role while avoiding generalizations and allowing for individual differences. Step 3: Understanding the efects of cultural diferences After examining just these few cultural differences, you can see the potential for misunderstanding and miscommunication in relationships with American Indian and Alaska Native clients. If you do not understand American Indian and Alaska Native cultures, you might easily mistake modesty and humility for a lack of engagement or a lack of interest in working to acquire wealth as being unmotivated or lazy. Such misunderstandings feed prejudice, discrimination, and microaggressions at a societal level and in treatment. The third part of developing cultural awareness is understanding how cultural differences can result in prejudice, stereotyping, and racism. Within the treatment setting, this involves evaluating how cultural differences can create misunderstandings that in turn lead to inadequate treatment for American Indian and Alaska Native clients. This is not an easy topic to explore; it requires that you also look at ways in which you and your organization may have discriminated or been biased against people from a culture that is different from your own. Their reasons for seeking healing may be different from what you have experienced before. Their goals may be different from what you expect, and their behaviors in your treatment setting may differ from what you ask of them. You may be frustrated when clients seem slow to open up, arrive late or not at all for sessions, do not speak up in group discussions or group therapy, do not look you in the eye, and evade answering your questions. From their point of view, the provider may seem uninterested in understanding them. He or she may seem to think that a diagnosis-labeling a person-is the Step 2: Self-assessment of your values the next step in becoming culturally aware is to look at how your culture affects your beliefs and values. Your culture may be tied to your racial or ethnic identity, or you may identify with mainstream American culture, in which case that culture will help defne your beliefs and values. Your culture will shape other things too: perhaps the music you listen to , the food you eat, the holidays you celebrate, the religious or spiritual beliefs you have, your choice of occupation, and the way you spend your leisure time. It will infuence your attitudes toward authority, health and wellness, and behavioral health services. Your cultural identity is unlikely to be static, and even the act of becoming aware of your cultural beliefs can cause some change to those beliefs, or at least an openness to changing them. One way to evaluate how culture affects your beliefs is to look at some beliefs and values common to most, if not all, American Indian and Alaska Native cultures and consider how your beliefs may be similar or different. As you think about these, also think about how your own beliefs and values may differ. American Indians and Alaska Natives place value on the importance of the group rather than on the individual. Likewise, there is considerable emphasis on living in harmony with nature and with others. To ensure group harmony, groups generally reach decisions by consensus rather than by majority rule. In American Indian and Alaska Native cultures, efforts at self-aggrandizement are typically seen as inappropriate. Words are used sparingly, and because words are believed to have power, a lot of thought is given to the content and delivery of speech. Avoiding eye contact is another aspect of humility, because direct eye contact may be considered a challenge. Although at frst this may seem contrary to the emphasis on cooperation and valuing the group above the individual, it is actually an important part of it. For a close-knit society to work, each member has to respect that others will act honorably and for the good of the whole. This also means that personal advice is not often given, because to do so might suggest that the person receiving the advice did not already know the correct course of action.
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