According to historian George Chauncey, bathhouses were "the safest, most enduring, and one of the most affirmative" of such spaces. Initially opened for tenement-living immigrant communities in large American cities, Turkish bathhouses became sites that gay men appropriated. As the first exclusively gay private commercial spaces, they affirmed same-sex desire and offered an environment free from threat of blackmail or harassment. It was the earliest known raid of a gay bathhouse in the United States and twenty-five of those arrested were sent to prison. It served a worldwide gay male clientele-including luminaries Gore Vidal, Truman Capote, and Rudolph Nureyev-from World War I into the 1970s. Morris Turkish Baths (former)," Place Matters: Places That Matter website, July 2010. The Mount Morris Turkish Baths were at 1944 Madison Avenue, New York City, New York. Called the Club Baths, it included amenities such as a television room, Jacuzzi, and free weeknight buffets. Matt Crowley, the Boys in the Band: A Play in Two Acts (New York: Samuel French, 1968), 29; Ciao! Gay Activists Alliance leaders Vito Russo and Arnie Kantrowitz considered the place a home away from home. During her first campaign for Congress in 1970, Bella Abzug, one of the first candidates to openly seek the gay vote, made a campaign stop at the Continental Baths. Growing popularity convinced Ostrow to admit straight customers which alienated the gay male clientele and led to its close in 1975. Bullough (New York: Routledge, 2012), 244; "Saunas, Sex & Steam," the Vital Voice, September 1, 2012, accessed June 29, 2015, thevitalvoice. Among the many fictionalized accounts of the Continental are John Paul Hudson and Warren Wexler, Superstar Murder A Prose Flick (New York: Insider Press, 1976) and the Ritz, directed by Richard Lester (Hollywood: Warner Brothers, 1976). It was founded and operated by lesbianfeminist Summer Kraml who opened its doors in 1980. Osento was located in a Victorian townhouse with no sign outside-you had to know about it to find it. Inside was a large communal hot pool, two relaxation rooms, a bathroom, and a small kitchen. In the backyard were a showerhead, two small saunas, a cold plunge, and a deck that was secluded enough to permit nude sunbathing. Because its women-only policy excluded transgender women who had not had sexual reassignment surgery, Osento became the target of boycotts. Josh Sides, Erotic City: Sexual Revolutions and the Making of Modern San Francisco (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 115; and Stephanie J. Rosenbaum, "Osento, 1980-2008," the Adventures of Pie Queen (blog), accessed April 18, 2016, piequeen. Johnson and distributing them, first through mail-order book services and later through brick-and-mortar bookstores. Bookstores featured book signings, community bulletin boards, reading groups, and other activities that helped turn them into informal community centers. In April 1953, Cory expanded his successful mail-order service to open the Book In 1936, Sagarin married Gertrude Liphshitz; together they had a son. As Cory, Sagarin pursued same-sex relationships as well as working for gay rights.
The Act was designed to promote the use of electronic signatures in commercial transactions involving both businesses and consumers and to ensure that the electronic documents and signatures resulting from these transactions are given the same legal validity and enforceability as written documents and signatures. It has been used for microfilm that can be updated, allowing new images to be added after creation or existing images to be overwritten with new images. The dielectric paper process uses paper coated with a photoconductive pigment in a binder resin. The electro-plastic process uses a plastic film coated with a photoconductive layer; exposure to light causes a stress in the plastic and, when heated, the plastic deforms to reveal the image. An image of the original is projected onto a light-sensitive substance, creating a charge relative to the light and dark portions of the original. The charge on the surface attracts or repels toner, a charged pigment, that duplicates the original. In an indirect process, the image is formed on a metallic drum that is then transferred to paper or film. Letter-size records: reduce costs by eliminating the need to purchase file supplies and equipment to accommodate multiple paper sizes; reduce inefficiencies associated with files containing multi-size documents. Blind embossing does not use color, and the design is the same color as the background. Notes: Emergency destruction may take place in time of war to prevent sensitive information from being captured by a foreign power or to record the effective, premature destruction of records as the result of a disaster. Emergency records are typically stored in paper format to avoid machine and power dependence, and describe responsibilities, including delegation of authority and line of succession. Examples include the records necessary to mobilize and protect manpower and resources, and to ensure health, safety, and order. Government agencies may also include records relating to the mobilization of the military, civil defense, and public heath. Rights-and-interests records include those records necessary after initial recovery to protect the assets and rights of the organization, its employees, and others. Emulation mimics the functionality of older software (generally operating systems) and hardware. However, the technique provides significant support and protection for fragile documents. Unlike heat lamination, the document is not permanently fixed to the enclosure and can be easily removed. Encapsulation2 may be used, for example, to combine an electronic record, metadata, and a viewer to render the record. Identifying record creating entities; recording the names or designations used by and for them; and describing their essential functions, activities, and characteristics, and the dates and places they were active is an essential component of the management of archival records. See the related standards Encoded Archival Description: Application Guidelines, ver. Syn: classified filing Notes: Materials organized by location often use encyclopedic arrangement, grouping materials first by state, then by city, and finally by a specific entry, such as a name. Encyclopedic arrangement may be used for organizing files or entries in a document. A signature on the back of a document, especially a check or other negotiable instrument. Notes: An endorsement may include additional notes, such as a qualification that limits the liability to subsequent parties if the instrument is invalid or a restriction that places limits on the use of the instrument.
Vasquez, the Maria Paradox: How Latinas Can Merge Old World Traditions With New World Self-Esteem (New York: G. As a cultural facet of every Spanish-speaking nation across the Americas shaped by unique traditions, religious influences, and laws, most gender codes of conduct in the vast Latina/o experience emphasize femininity for women and masculinity for men. Ideally, these gender codes of masculinity and femininity have served as the basis of heterosexuality and with them, support the formation of the family social structure as a central basis for constructing gender and sexual identities. The virgin/whore complex refers to the way Latinas are situated between two completely opposite views: the virgin and the whore or the martyr and the witch are ideals embedded in cultural practices, religious or spiritual values, and in social life and they require women to behave and position themselves as either celibate (virginal) or as sacrificing themselves for the good of the family, the community, or the collective (martyr). Like the terms suggest, the virgin is the idealized woman in Latina/o culture, while the term witch refers to the maligned aspects of a woman who shows too much independence. While attitudes about sexuality have changed See Roscoe (this volume) for a discussion of multiple genders recognized by Native American societies. Hern ndez during the last five decades, some of these attitudes about Latina/o men and women remain despite efforts to move away from cultural prescriptions and established preconceptions. The belief that heterosexuality was the only option for sexual behavior no longer dominates Latina/o perspectives. Heteronormativity, the belief that heterosexuality is the only acceptable way of expressing and enjoying sexuality in the human experience, is further challenged by science, psychology, religious, and cultural mores. These but reinforce the idea that sex and sexuality are not simple concepts and to be understood simply as uniformly or divinely ordained. Muxe are generally accepted by the Zapotec Indian culture and are not viewed negatively as they might be in western industrialized cultures. Gender identity and sexual orientation are related, but distinct cultural identities. There are many people in the United States who do not identify with the gender they were identified as at birth. Some people find that they identify opposite to the gender they were identified as; others may feel that they exist somewhere on the continuum between the two binaries, or as some gender not represented by male or female, or as no gender at all (agender). In sexuality and sexually-fluid identities the terms used are expressly significant. The same is the case in ethnic identity where a recent trend is to use Latinx to be inclusive of Latino/a, or of all selfidentified people of Latin American origins. See Bruce Bagemihl, Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity (New York: Macmillan, 2000). Hern ndez transgender encompasses all those who do not identify with the gender they were identified with at birth; the terms gender fluid and gender queer are also used by people to describe themselves. It is no longer widely seen as being limited to conventional terms of marriage and heterosexuality. The terms used to describe these various attractions and identities have varied over time. In sum, they drew from contemporary legacies, including civil rights, federal and state debates, and student movements that changed how minorities viewed their position in society. The breadth of examples and of influence about the entire topic of Latina literary narratives, to name just one, can be traced in Katherine Sugg, "The Ultimate Rebellion: Chicana Narratives of Sexuality and Community," Meridians: Feminism, Race, and Transnationalism 3, no. The general influence of queer Latinas/os became more prominent during the 1980s and 1990s and visibility and representation posed less of a challenge. Several pivotal and historical factors contributed to the emergence and visibility of Latinas/o queers. In his address, he discussed strategies for coalition fundraising and organizing boycotts. Slated for demolition, the developer has agreed to preserve several historic elements of the club. Today, three established PhD programs in Chicana/o Studies indicate the widespread acceptance of the concept of selfhood, of naming oneself and of embracing an identity for varied political, cultural, or socially-acceptable reasons. In the Latina experience, misogyny and homophobia created complications because lesbian women were often single parents, unpartnered or disowned by their families of origin. Only in the 1990s was the term "queer" used to encompass all groups from a wide range of 47 See Latino Studies Journal 1, no.
It can be distinguished from searching by the fact that browsing is the process of discovery through a careful review of information in hopes of spotting something interesting because it triggers an association. Searching, on the other hand is a process of inquiry that is based on specific, known concepts or terms. A means or mechanism that can transform an irregular flow to a regular rate, especially in data transmission. A technique in geographic information systems that can indicate a region around a data point to show a an area of influence or interaction. The administrative structure of a corporate body or government that divides work into hierarchical units and subunits. Government business continuation and disaster recovery plans generally emphasize protecting the lives, health, safety, rights, and entitlements of citizens and businesses. Rather than merely recreating existing forms and procedures, they are analyzed and streamlined for greater efficiency. The redesign process seeks to determine how information flows through a business and how it is processed, to search out unnecessary or duplicated operations, and to improve decision-making and the responsiveness and accuracy of the steps involved. All materials that fall under the more general understanding of business records are subject to discovery, but only those records that are the result of regularly conducted activity fall under the hearsay exemption of the Federal Rules of Evidence and are admissible in court as evidence. A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity, and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make the memorandum, report, record or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness, or by certification that complies with Rule 902 (11), Rule 902 (12), or a statute permitting certification, unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. From a judicial standpoint, a record or data compilation must have four qualities in order to qualify as a business record: It must be made at or near the time of the event that it records; It must be made by or from information transmitted by a person with knowledge of the event; It must be made in the course of a regularly conducted business activity; It must have been the regular practice of that business activity to make a document or data compilation. Early cabinet cards typically used albumen prints, although a variety of other process were used for later cards. The photograph is usually smaller than the card, leaving approximately a half inch at the bottom, where the name of the photographer or studio was printed. A document organized chronologically, especially those in tabular form, indicating the day of week, date, and month. A finding aid that is a chronological listing of documents in a collection, which may be comprehensive or selective, and which may include details about the writer, recipient, date, place, summary of content, type of document, and page or leaf count; a chronological inventory. The descriptive practice of calendaring responded to this felt need among historians and was a goal in most manuscript repositories before 1940. Notes: the surface of calendered paper is formed during manufacture by rolling the paper between smooth cylinders under pressure. With more calendering it acquires a machine finish, then an English finish, and it finally becomes a super-calendered, glossy sheet. Notes: Cosponsored by the National Association of Government Archives and Records Administrators and the University of Pittsburgh. Formally titled the Archival Administration in the Electronic Information Age: An Advanced Institute for Government Archivists, the programs were held from 1989 to 1994 and again in 1996 and 1997. The quality of subsequent copies is reduced because the pressure is more diffuse, making the impression less sharp. Carbon paper was invented by Ralph Wedgewood in the 1800s in England, and was available in the United States by the 1820s. Because the copying technique did not work well with the quill pens of the time, carbon copies did not become common until the introduction of the typewriter. Headings may be grouped by the type of access point, forming an author catalog, a title catalog, or a subject catalog. A catalog in which all headings are grouped in a single alphabetical sequence is described as a dictionary catalog. A card catalog may be distinguished from a card index by the amount of description.
When materials are conditioned for cold storage, they may have moisture removed to prevent the formation of ice. When removing from cold storage, conditioning ensures that the materials are at a suitable temperature and moisture content to avoid problems of condensation or brittleness. It is held in between quadrennial international congresses and allows members holding important responsibilities within the profession to meet every year to debate their views, update their knowledge and share experiences on subjects of common interest. But a person who sends a communication to a public officer relative to the public business cannot make his communication private and confidential simply by labeling it as such. The repair or stabilization of materials through chemical or physical treatment to ensure that they survive in their original form as long as possible. The profession devoted to the preservation of cultural property for the future through examination, documentation, treatment, and preventive care, supported by research and education. Conservation does not always eliminate evidence of damage; restoration includes techniques to return materials to their original appearances (which may include fabrication of missing pieces). Notes: Conservation laboratories often have microscopes and other devices to inspect materials, tables and sinks to hold large, flat items, and fume hoods to prevent the spread of toxic gases. A conservation technician may also be trained and experienced in specific preventive care activities. Collections Care Specialist, an individual who is trained and experienced in specific preventive care activities and who works in conjunction with or under the supervision of a conservator. In the United States, many records are kept in a public office to provide constructive notice. Examples include, records of real property; births, marriages, and deaths (vital records); judicial decisions; minutes of public meetings. Many of these records are held by the office of a city or town clerk, a county recorder, or the secretary of state. The notice imparted by the due and proper record of an instrument, although called a constructive notice, is just as effectual for the protection of the rights of the parties as an actual notice by word of mouth, or otherwise. Commonly used in photographic reproduction, including micrographics, where the original and copy are held together with glass. A contact sheet for 35 mm film typically holds 35 images (seven rows of five images). The shell for the tape in a videocassette may be called a housing, but it is not a container. A container list is distinguished from a folder list, which includes a description of each folder in the container. Notes: Most often refers to the introduction of chemicals or other physical materials, but may also indicate the corruption of a digital or analog signal with noise. A methodology to appraise records by considering the significance of the informational value and the quality of information contained in the records. A contemporary collection of materials about to the Korean War would have a content date in the 20th century and a creation date in the 21st. For example, if Paul Joseph Smith is the authorized name in the authority file, the data content standard might specify that the last name be entered first, as in Smith, Paul Joseph. Many data content standards are guidelines, namely `rules for activities that should be applied as consistently as possible but which, by their nature, will not necessarily produce identical results even when followed. Notes: Continuity ensures that time within a program is perceived as realistic, not the actual time required to make the program.
Effects of head posture on cerebral hemodynamics: its influences on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral oxygenation. Influence of body position on jugular venous oxygen saturation, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Mannitol bolus preferentially shrinks non-infarcted brain in patients with ischemic stroke. Efficacy and safety of hypertonic saline solutions in the treatment of severe head injury. Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2 mL/kg 7. The effect of large doses of dexamethasone on the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in patients with supratentorial tumors. Refractory increased intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury: barbiturate coma and bispectral index monitoring. Clinical outcome and cognitive impairment in patients with severe head injuries treated with barbiturate coma. Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and targeted intensive care on functional outcome after severe head injury. Decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury: evaluation of the effects at one year. Clinical and radiological predictors of recanalisation and outcome of 40 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients. Acid-base and electrolyte analysis in critically ill patients: are we ready for the new millennium American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. National academy of clinical biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines: recommendations for the use of laboratory tests to support poisoned patients who present to the emergency department. Since that time, several committees and reviewers have sought to establish appropriate clinical and laboratory criteria for brain death based on retrospective analyses. At present, in the United States the principle that brain death is equivalent to the death of the person is established under the Uniform Determination of Death Act. If all the organs, save the brain, were artificial, that individual would still be alive. Conversely, when the brain is dead, sustaining the other organs by artificial means is simply preserving a dead body and not keeping the individual alive. Thus, although this chapter uses the term brain death, the term as we use it carries the same import as death. Three medical considerations emphasize the importance of the concept of brain death: (1) transplant programs require the donation of healthy peripheral organs for success. The early diagnosis of brain death before the systemic circulation fails allows the salvage of such organs. However, ethical and legal considerations demand that if one is to declare the brain dead, the criteria must be clear and unassailable. No potentially anesthetizing amounts of either toxins or therapeutic drugs can be present; hypothermia below 308C or other physiologic abnormalities must be corrected to the extent medically possible. Irreversible structural disease or a known and irreversible endogenous metabolic cause due to organ failure must be present. It is even more important to know when to fight for life than to be willing to diagnose death. Their best use demands that one identify and select patients who are most likely to benefit from intensive techniques, so that these units are not overloaded with individuals who can never recover cerebral function.
Selection of definitive care location United States Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum 16 - Remote User Dave. The relationships between populations is important when studying the dynamics of infectious diseases D. The study of an infectious disease cluster (a discrete population which is infected in a defined span of time in a defined geographical area) is, by its nature, regional; however, the consequences of that cluster becoming infected may be international E. Populations display varying susceptibilities to infection, and conversely, varying degrees of susceptibility F. When dealing with infectious diseases, the paramedic needs to consider the needs of the patient and the potential consequence on public health G. Paramedics should think of the consequences of their person-to-person contacts with family members and friends Public health agencies involved in the prevention! They frequently are, by statute or public law, obliged to meet or exceed federal guidelines and recommendations C. Regional and national health care providers and local and national health maintenance organizations 2. Congress plays an integral role in national health policy through public laws and by drafting of the federal budget 2. United States Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum 5 Medical: 5 Infectious and Communicable Diseases: 11 B. Development and/ or manifestations of clinical disease dependent on several factors a. Virulence (degree of pathogenicity) of the agent - strength of the microorganisms to infect the host b. Virulence, dose, resistance, and correct mode of entry must all exist to create a risk of exposure (1) Does not mean a person will become infected (2) Exposure, with all necessary risk factors, does not necessarily equal infection 5. Demographics of host (1) Populations and their ability to move internationally (2) Age distributions (3) Socioeconomic considerations (4) Population settling and migration dictated by religion b. Theoretical - the possibility of transmission is acknowledged to have the potential to occur, but has not been reported b. Period after infection of a host when the infectious agent cannot be transmitted to another host or cause clinically significant symptoms 2. Period after an infection when the infectious agent can be transmitted to another host b. Clinically significant symptoms from the infection may be manifested during this period 3. Time interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the first appearance of symptoms associated with the infection 4. A period after infection in which antigen is present, but no detectable antibody 5. Time interval between the first appearance of symptoms associated with the infection and resolution of those symptoms, or death b. Resolution of symptoms does not mean that the infectious agent is destroyed Infectious agents - an overview 1. Bacteria United States Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Paramedic: National Standard Curriculum 6 - - Medical: 5 Infectious and Communicable Diseases: 11 a. Mucous can trap and kill alien material and is eliminated as sputum (from pharynx) or phlegm (generally from larynx and below) c. Mucociliary escalator - moves pollutants trapped by mucous up the respiratory system and prevents inhalation into alveoli 3. Stomach acids may destroy some microorganisms or deactivate their toxic products 4. Injury may be physical, thermal, or chemical, or result from invasion by microorganisms c. Agency and personal responsibility relative to isolation from infectious agent exposure A.
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